Kochi: On January 30, Kerala health minister K.K. Shailaja held an extraordinary press conference at Thrissur, at 1:30 am. Around 25 reporters were present at the Medical College Hospital in Thrissur, when she briefed them about the first confirmed case of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, in India. The patient, a medical student who had returned from Wuhan in China, the first hotspot of the virus, spent 23 days in isolation and now is back to her normal life.
For 40-odd days after that late night media briefing, Shailaja briefed reporters on a daily basis about the government’s preparedness, as well as the action taken to keep the pandemic at bay. Then, chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan took the baton over. For the past 14 days, he has been briefing the reporters, with ‘Shailaja Teacher’ – as the 63-year-old health minister is commonly known – seated alongside.
Irrespective of who faced the microphones and the cameras, the health minister and the CM were crystal clear and to the point in their statements. The duo has been completely transparent about the total confirmed cases in the state (137 infected patients, five of whom have been discharged) and the details of each case, barring the identity of the patients.
This attitude filtered down to all the levels of government and the motto seemed to be ‘keep it simple and straight’. A large number of people from Kerala work outside India, especially in West Asia. That had made the Kerala case particularly sensitive. The government adopted the twin strategy of lockdown and mass testing. The high number of cases reported is also because of efforts by the state government to test as many people as possible. This has not happened in most other states of India.
From day one, the health department released data about patients and issued bulletins on their health condition. This continued until the first cluster of cases (three medical students who had returned from Wuhan) were cured of COVID-19 and discharged from the hospital.
When the second cluster was reported and more cases were identified, the strategy of contact tracing became progressively harder. Surveillance at airports did not prove effective and a family coming in from Italy slipped through the Kochi International Airport’s screening on March 3. The family had the virus and spread it to five other people
Two other patients in Thiruvananthapuram also gave the authorities a miss, creating chaos across the monitoring system of the health department. Even then, the government continued to give regular updates on the number of cases and the patients’ health condition.
Opposition parties tried to target the government over its handling of the health emergency. Leader of opposition Ramesh Chennithala had also urged the government that instead of trying to contain the spread of coronavirus, the state should adopt the ‘mitigation’ strategy employed by western countries like the US and UK. The chief minister dismissed this suggestion, and now, as confirmed cases in the US and UK have risen exponentially, the opposition parties have maintained radio silence.
The Pinarayi government’s handling of the pandemic has been lauded by many, even those who are usually not supporters of the Left parties. “To be frank, the CM is doing an unbelievable job in leading from the front,” says a senior Congress leader. “Unlike many of our leaders, the ministers in the Communist government have a knack of dealing with adverse situations and calamities. Shailaja Teacher has gained huge popularity among the public after the outbreak of the Nipah virus. Our [Congess] leadership erred when they booed the health minister inside the assembly when she was talking about the actions taken by the government to curb the spread of the virus. That single act has put the opposition on the back foot,” the leader said.
Kerala chief minister Pinarayi Vijayan. Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Even though there is criticism about the way the government machinery has been functioning, the Pinarayi government has gained huge support among the Malayali community across the globe. The stature of Pinarayi Vijayan as ‘The Captain’ – as he is often called by his party men – has grown many fold. Shailaja has also received praise and is arguably the most popular health minister Kerala has ever seen. Her humanitarian interventions have earned her the name ‘Teacheramma’ (The Teacher Mom), as she was a science teacher before entering electoral politics.
Let us see what steps the Kerala government has taken to curb the spread of the virus.
What are the provisions of testing? Whether the state is willing to adopt the twin policy of lockdown and mass testing?
As of March 26, Kerala has sent 5,342 samples for testing, the most by any Indian state. Of these, 3,768 have returned negative and 137 have been confirmed to have the viral infection. Eleven patients have already recovered and have been discharged from hospitals. There are 126 COVID-19 patients still in hospitals, of which two have apparently now tested negative, but final confirmation is awaited.
The state already has seven authorised centres to test for the viral infection, both in public and private sector. Two more will be functional in a week’s time. According to the health department, Kerala has always been ready to test more people, and the government is waiting for more testing facilities to get clearance.
Also Read: COVID-19: Taking Heed From Kerala’s Mental Health Interventions
How are the requirements of essential commodities met? How does the state government plan to distribute these resources over the next few months?
CM Vijayan has said that the state is well equipped to provide essential commodities for the next three months. In his daily briefings to the media, he has made it clear that not a single family in the state would starve. “People might not be comfortable in asking for food, so we have set up phone numbers at Panchayat level. If people place their order for food, it will be delivered at their door by volunteers,” he said.
From Saturday, community kitchens will start functioning in 861 panchayats, 84 municipalities and six municipal corporations. The state is planning to mobilise 2.3 lakh volunteers across the state to ensure delivery of essential goods. The distribution of welfare pensions for six months will also start on Saturday.
The state has already announced free ration of food grains for all: While families below the poverty line will get 35 kg of rice, other families will receive 15 kg. In addition, a grocery kit will also be provided to every family.
The government will also ensure that medicines and medical care will be provided to all critical care patients. The social welfare department has made arrangements for providing accommodation and food for transgender persons affected by the lockdown. “The food department has taken steps to provide food grains to those who are living in rented houses without a ration card. After verifying their Aadhaar number, and ensuring their names are not being included in any other ration cards, food grains will be distributed” Vijayan said.
An isolation ward in Kerala. Photo: PTI
What is the state government doing to refurbish the health infrastructure such as testing kits, isolation wards, ventilators and protection gear for frontline health workers?
The state government has already roped in private hospitals “to prepare for any untoward escalation of the situation”, apart from utilising all government hospitals. “We have 69,437 beds available in 869 private hospitals across the state. 5,607 ICU beds are also available. Apart from these hospital facilities, 15,334 isolation rooms can be arranged in 716 hostels,” the CM said.
Religious and other groups likes of the Kerala Catholic Bishop’s Council have offered their hospitals in case of an emergency situation. While there is a scarcity of testing kits, the government is trying to procure them with the help of various agencies.
What is the economic relief announced by the state to grant relief to people who are likely to incur losses?
Even before the Centre announced the COVID-19 relief package, the state government had announced a special package worth Rs 20,000 crore.
The state’s finance minister Thomas Isaac recently wrote that the financial package was delivered because it is “very important to make an effort to put money into the hands of the people”. “At this juncture when employment and income of common people are spiralling down, we decided to frontload our annual borrowing. For the next financial year, we are allowed an annual borrowing of about Rs 27,000 crore; of this, we’ll frontload some Rs 10-12,000 crore in the first quarter,” he said.
The government will also extend relief to widows, while planning to implement an employment guarantee programme worth nearly Rs 3,000 crore. “All these have enabled the Rs 20,000 crore package — whose substantial portion is paying a whole lot of arrears, in old age pensions, scholarships, subsidies. Some advance payments will also be made,” he said in an article.
Also Read: Caught Between Outbreaks, Kerala’s Model for Public Healthcare Lauded
What are the main challenges the state is facing at the moment?
Kerala has past experience of battling with a deadly virus, when Nipah took 18 lives since 2017. Learning from that battle, the health department, led by minister Shailaja, was well equipped to handle the pandemic.
However, the NRIs who have returned to the state from the Middle East after the COVID-19 outbreak is the main cause of worry for Kerala. Almost 80% of the cases reported in the state have international travel history, especially to the UAE. Some of them have slipped past the authorities and have passed the infection on to others.
Even government servants or politicians have behaved irresponsibly, with the latest instance of an IAS officer fleeing quarantine just another example. In a major embarrassment to the district administration, Anupam Mishra, the sub-collector of Kollam who was put under isolation fled to Uttar Pradesh, his native place.
A local leader from Idukki, who tested positive for the virus on Thursday, claims to have been in touch with a very senior Congress state leader. Both of them had met at least two ministers of the Pinarayi cabinet last week as part of a discussion to settle an on-going strike in the district. It remains to be seen if any of these leaders were also infected.
Rajeev Ramachandran is an independent journalist based in Kochi.
