New Delhi: A new report by the UN Special Rapporteur on the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Francesca Albanese, shows how "third states" have provided direct support, material aid, diplomatic protection and, in some cases, active participation in the Gaza genocide by Israel.

In her report, Albanese calls the Gaza genocide a "collective crime."

"The ongoing genocide in Gaza is a collective crime, sustained by the complicity of influential Third States that have enabled longstanding systemic violations of international law by Israel. Framed by colonial narratives that dehumanize the Palestinians, this livestreamed atrocity has been facilitated through Third States’ direct support, material aid, diplomatic protection and, in some cases, active participation," the report notes.

The report identifies four sectors of support: diplomatic, military, economic and humanitarian. Each is indispensable to the ongoing Israeli violations of international law, it says.

India finds two mentions in the 'military ties' section.

First, it is among states which have supplied parts, components and weapons to Israel through an opaque system that obscures transfers, including ‘dual use’ and indirect transfers. Between October 2023 and October 2025, the report says, 26 states sent at least 10 consignments of “arms and ammunition”to Israel. The most frequent was China, including Taiwan, but also in the list are India, Italy, Austria, Spain, Czechia, Romania and France.

Second, it is listed among states which support the Israeli military through military partnerships and joint defence manoeuvres. Since 2015, the Israeli Air Force has participated in the INIOCHOS exercise, including in 2025 alongside Greece, US, Italy, Qatar, UAE, France, Spain, Montenegro, India, Slovenia and Poland, the report notes. In 2024–2025, Israel participated with 27 nations in the largest global exercise, led by AFRICOM (US Africa Command) and the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces. Besides, the report says that Israeli soldiers are trained at the UK Royal College of Defence Studies.

While India is not named here, the report notes how third states also continue to purchase Israeli weapons and military technology.
Besides being a core component of its economy – in 2024 weapons exports accounted for 23 percent of Israeli exports, the second-highest share globally.

The report also notes how, by portraying Palestinian civilians as “human shields” and the broader onslaught in Gaza as a battle of civilisation against barbarism, several states have reproduced the Israeli distortions of international law and colonial tropes verbatim, almost seeking to justify their own complicity in genocide.

Some third states, the report also says, have facilitated the degradation of living conditions of the Gaza population, including by the very means of their participation in the provision of aid. It mentions the role of Egypt in perpetuating Israel's blockade. Then, it said, that "instead of opposing this man-made humanitarian catastrophe, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Jordan and the United Kingdom, among others, parachuted aid into Gaza – an expensive, inadequate and dangerous response."

People and governments

The report observes how the genocide has exposed the "unprecedented chasm between peoples and their governments," betraying the trust on which global peace and security rest. It says, "The world now stands on a knife-edge between the collapse of the international rule of law and hope for renewal. Renewal is only possible if complicity is confronted, responsibilities are met and justice is upheld."

It says that diplomatic initiatives have normalised the Israeli occupation and failed to achieve a permanent ceasefire. Large-scale military aid, cooperation and arms transfers, primarily to and from the United States and European states, have enabled Israeli domination over the Palestinian people. This has also facilitated Israeli actions to dismantle humanitarian aid and impose conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of Palestinians as a group. In addition, economic cooperation has fuelled the Israeli economy, which has profited from the illegal occupation and genocide.

The report mentions the successful measures implemented against Apartheid South Africa, Rhodesia, Portugal and other colonial regimes to demonstrate that international law can be enforced to secure justice and self-determination.

It calls on third party states to display the same legal and moral obligation to apply these and other measures against any state still perpetrating settler-colonial violence and apartheid.

"Their failure to hold Israel accountable for its long-standing international crimes – despite clear orders from international courts – exposes the flagrant double standards of the international community," the report notes.

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