India’s identification of the poor happens every 10-15 years, causing the the newly poor to be excluded from social protection schemes.

As per economic think-tank ICRIER, during the Modi government’s first term, growth in real rural wages for farm and non-farm sectors declined to 3% and 3.3% respectively. However, during the Modi government’s second term, the situation worsened as growth turned negative: -0.6% for farm wages and -1.4% for non-farm wages.